Potensi Serat Lobak Putih (Raphanus sativus L.) sebagai Agen Penurun Kolesterol: Studi In Vitro Menggunakan UV-Vis
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Abstract
Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular yang menjadi penyebab kematian tertinggi di dunia. Pendekatan non-farmakologis berbasis serat pangan menjadi strategi alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk penatalaksanaan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kapasitas pengikatan kolesterol oleh serat lobak putih (Raphanus sativus L.) secara in vitro menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Serat lobak putih dipersiapkan melalui proses hidrolisis dengan H₂SO₄ dan NaOH, kemudian diuji dengan larutan kolesterol 200 ppm yang telah direaksikan dengan reagen FeCl₃. Pengujian dilakukan dengan tiga variasi konsentrasi serat (0,1 g, 0,2 g, dan 0,3 g) dan tiga interval waktu inkubasi (60, 120, dan 180 menit). Absorbansi diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 450 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serat lobak putih mampu menurunkan konsentrasi kolesterol dengan persentase penurunan tertinggi sebesar 7,2% pada konsentrasi serat 0,3 g dengan waktu inkubasi 15 menit, dan 20,2% pada konsentrasi serat 0,3 g dengan waktu inkubasi 180 menit. Kapasitas pengikatan kolesterol meningkat secara konsisten seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi serat dan durasi inkubasi. Data kurva kalibrasi menunjukkan hubungan linear yang sangat baik (R² = 0,9943). Kesimpulannya, serat lobak putih memiliki potensi nyata sebagai agen penurun kolesterol melalui mekanisme pengikatan asam empedu. Temuan ini memberikan dasar ilmiah untuk pengembangan lobak putih sebagai pangan fungsional dalam pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan hiperkolesterolemia, meskipun penelitian in vivo dan uji klinis masih diperlukan untuk mengonfirmasi efektivitas biologis.
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