1. Submission of Manuscript

Authors submit their manuscripts electronically through the journal's submission system. The submission should include all relevant materials and information as specified in the submission guidelines.

2. Initial Manuscript Evaluation

The Editor-in-Chief or Managing Editor performs an initial evaluation to determine whether the manuscript fits the journal's focus and scope and meets the basic requirements (e.g., format, language). Manuscripts that do not meet these criteria are rejected or returned to the authors for corrections.

3. Plagiarism Check

All submitted manuscripts are checked for plagiarism using plagiarism detection software. Manuscripts with significant plagiarism issues are rejected immediately.

4. Assignment to Associate Editor

If the manuscript passes the initial evaluation and plagiarism check, it is assigned to an Associate Editor with expertise in the relevant field.

5. Invitation to Reviewers

The Associate Editor invites at least two independent reviewers who are experts in the subject matter of the manuscript. Reviewers are selected based on their expertise, reputation, and previous experience in reviewing for the journal.

6. Response to Invitations

Invited reviewers accept or decline the review invitation based on their availability and expertise. If a reviewer declines, the Associate Editor will invite another reviewer until the required number of reviewers is obtained.

7. Reviewers Conduct the Review

Reviewers evaluate the manuscript based on its originality, significance, methodology, results, clarity, and contribution to the field. They provide detailed comments and recommendations for improvement. The review is conducted confidentially and impartially.

8. Reviewers Submit Their Reports

Reviewers submit their reports along with their recommendation to the Associate Editor, choosing one of the following options:

• Accept without revisions
• Minor revisions
• Major revisions
• Reject

9. Decision Making

The Associate Editor considers the reviewers' reports and makes a recommendation to the Editor-in-Chief or Managing Editor. The final decision is made based on the reviewers' feedback and the Associate Editor's recommendation.

10. Communication of Decision

The Editor-in-Chief or Managing Editor communicates the decision to the authors along with the reviewers' comments. If revisions are required, the authors are given a specified time frame to revise and resubmit their manuscript.

11. Revision and Resubmission

Authors revise their manuscript according to the reviewers' and editors' comments and resubmit it for further review. The revised manuscript may be sent back to the original reviewers or new reviewers for evaluation.

12. Final Decision

After the revised manuscript is reviewed, the Editor-in-Chief or Managing Editor makes the final decision on acceptance or rejection. If accepted, the manuscript moves to the production stage.

13. Production

Accepted manuscripts are copyedited, formatted, and proofread before being published in an upcoming issue of the journal.

14. Publication

The final version of the manuscript is published online and made available to the journal's readership. Authors are notified of the publication.

15. Post-Publication Review

The journal encourages post-publication comments and discussions. Any substantive comments or criticisms are evaluated by the editorial team and may be published as letters to the editor or commentary articles.