Educational Strategies for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Secondary School Students in Indonesia: Mini Review
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health concern, with modifiable risk factors emerging during adolescence. Schools therefore provide a strategic setting for strengthening health literacy and preventive behavior. This mini-review aimed to identify, classify, and synthesize educational strategies for preventing T2DM among secondary school students in Indonesia and examine their effects on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. A structured literature search was conducted for journal articles published between January 2025 and June 2026 using Indonesian and English terms related to T2DM, prevention, education, adolescents, and secondary schools. Eligible primary studies involved Indonesian junior or senior secondary school students and evaluated relevant educational interventions. Study characteristics, intervention formats, designs, and outcomes were extracted and narratively synthesized. Nine studies were included. The interventions comprised interactive infographics, educational videos, audiovisual materials, animated multimedia, booklets, leaflets, digital book-based discussions, and educational games. Most studies employed one-group pretest-posttest designs and reported significant improvements in knowledge. Positive changes in attitudes and preventive behaviors were also reported, particularly following interactive or repeated interventions; however, these outcomes were assessed less frequently. Heterogeneity in study designs, instruments, intervention duration, and follow-up prevented direct comparisons among strategies. Overall, these interventions appear promising for improving T2DM prevention knowledge among Indonesian students. School-based programs should combine age-appropriate media with interactive learning, nutrition literacy, physical activity, healthy school policies, parental engagement, and health-service collaboration. Controlled studies using standardized measures and longer follow-up periods are required to determine sustained behavioral effects.
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